Earned Value Management (EVM)

Tips for Implementing Effective Earned Value Training

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Likely you have been on the receiving end of this advice.  The common solution to every problem seems to be: do more training.  Well, yes, that is often a logical conclusion.  The hard part is, how do you implement earned value training that actually helps project personnel improve their knowledge levels and skill sets that makes a difference in how projects are managed?  Conducting training just to check something off a to-do list is a waste of everyone’s time.

Here are a few tips to help you implement an effective EVM training plan.

Tip 1 – What’s the problem you want to resolve?

A clear understanding of the problem you want to solve helps determine the scope of the training, who needs the training, and what kind of training will make a difference.  Here are a few examples to illustrate a range of the scope of the training from the complex to targeted training.

  • The good news?  You just won a government contract with EVMS contract clauses.  The bad news?  Your company’s project control system is immature at best and will need to become more disciplined to support the contractual EVMS requirements.  You are going to need a robust education and training plan to rapidly increase the project control maturity level of your company.  Likely you will need to enhance your current project control practices, add process and procedures, perhaps implement new software tools, and educate a variety of functional managers and project personnel on the upgraded best practices they will need to follow. 
  • You have an influx of new project personnel that need to learn the ropes.  Where are they with their current skill sets and what will help them improve?  Perhaps they have a basic understanding of project control or scheduling, but don’t know how to apply your company’s preferred practices or how to effectively use the software tools.  They may need a broader earned value training plan that covers a number of disciplines or hands-on workshops that combine process training and using the software tools to effectively perform their project control tasks.
  • You have a contractual or audit event coming up.  Examples include an Integrated Baseline Review (IBR) for a new project or the DCMA is coming in to do a compliance review.  That means you need to make sure all levels of project personnel are prepared for the review and that quality schedule and cost data have been established.  Different types of focused training or mentoring is often required to prepare for these events where there is interaction with the customer project manager or audit agency personnel.  Personnel knowledge, the EVMS, how they apply the EVMS on their project, and data traceability will all be assessed.   
  • As part of your internal process improvement activities, you discover a number of control account managers (CAMs) are having difficulty producing useful variance analysis report (VAR) narratives.  Or, perhaps the schedulers are having trouble creating or maintaining their integrated master schedules (IMS) to the level of data quality you expect. Targeted or role specific training could make a difference here.

Tip 2 – Determine what you need to accomplish your training objective

Here is a sort list of factors to consider as you begin to sort out what type of training or training materials you need to have in place to accomplish your training objectives.

  • Do you intend to create and maintain a set of EVM related training materials internally?  What types of materials you intend to maintain?  This could be a range of materials such as instructor led presentation and course materials, role specific training materials or templates, desktop instructions, online help, or self-paced instructional videos.  Do you have the personnel, time, and budget to do this?  Do you have the internal EVM expertise?  You may need help creating your internal materials or you may need to rely on outside services to supplement your internal training. 
  • How do you intend to deliver the earned value training, how often, and how many people?  A day or two dedicated to classroom instruction may or may not be option.  Perhaps project personnel need to complete the training remotely or are only available for a short duration.  How do you accomplish your training objectives and verify personnel are applying what they are learning? 
  • You need to prepare a contractual event such as an IBR.  This presents a different set of factors and you may or may not have a process or EVM expertise in place to handle this.  Depending on your company, you may have the internal project management resources you can pull from another division to help the project personnel prepare for the event and perform an independent review of the schedule and cost data.  How do you intend to handle these events?
  • Targeted training to address a recurring issue or a unique project situation such an implementing an over target baseline/over target schedule (OTB/OTS).  For example, targeted training would be useful for CAMs or schedulers that need help getting to the next level of proficiency.  One option could be to solicit the help of an internal “power user” to help mentor project personnel in how to do things or how to effectively use the software tools.  Or, you could leverage the expertise of outside services to help mentor them and expand the base of proficient project personnel over time.

Tip 3 – Who you select to help you with your earned value training objectives matters

There are a number of companies that offer earned value and related training.  There are a number of factors to consider as you start to evaluate their services, expertise, scope and availability of training materials, and range of training options. 

There is a reason why H&A has been the leading provider of earned value training and earned value consulting services for over four decades.  We have proven, cost effective approaches to increasing your project control team’s skills so they become more valuable assets to your organization.  For example:

  • We have built the largest, most comprehensive library of training materials in the EVM consulting industry including basic and advanced courses as well as specific topic areas such as developing a WBS, OTB/OTS, preparing a VAR or government performance report, subcontract management, change management, or IBRs. 

What’s the benefit to you?  Should you need source material for a training course, our courses are available for lease and can be tailored to your environment.  You don’t have to start from scratch.  We actively maintain our course materials and provide updates as requirements change over time including specific versions for DoD, DOE, and NASA.  This takes the burden off you and reduces the cost of keeping up with changes.  We provide train-the-trainer sessions for the courses, so your company’s training department can become proficient with the materials to build out your internal training library over time. 

  • We offer our hands-on courses as public workshops, in-house, or remotely.  We also offer our most popular three-day workshops as distance learning courses.  We refer to these as our EVMS Virtual Learning Lab and Scheduling Virtual Learning Lab (VLL) so your project personnel can learn at their own pace – even if they are working from home.  The benefit is you can select a combination of training options to fit your needs as well as personnel availability or location.
  • We offer two career path certifications you could leverage to assist project personnel looking to advance their knowledge and skills.  We created the H&A Control Account Manager (CAM) Certification program over 5 years ago and approximately 600 people have gone through this rigorous certification process.  We also created a Project Control/Analyst (PC/A) Certification for personnel that support CAMs and Project Managers.  These certifications mean the individual has demonstrated a knowledge level that establishes a sound foundation for success as a CAM or PC/A.
  • H&A senior personnel typically have over 30 years of experience in industry, government, and consulting across a variety of industries.  When you need help with an IBR or government compliance review, our consultants can help prepare and mentor your project personnel to successfully navigate the review process as well as perform data traces with them to verify the quality of the schedule and cost data.  When you need help training personnel on a specific EVM topic such as OTB/OTS or how to prepare a VAR that requires additional EVM expertise, we can conduct the training for you whether in-house or remotely.  

You can rely on the H&A team of experts to help you with your EVM, scheduling, and related training needs.  For more information about our courses, descriptions, and delivery options, visit our web page at: https://www.humphreys-assoc.com/evms/evms_training_courses.php

Tips for Implementing Effective Earned Value Training Read Post »

New IPMDAR DID and Implementation Guide

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ALERT- New IPMDAR DID and Implementation Guide

The New Integrated Program Management Data and Analysis Report (IPMDAR) Data Item Description (DID) and Implementation Guide

On March 12, 2020, the Defense Department (OUSD/AAP) instituted the new Integrated Program Management Data and Analysis Report (IPMDAR), issuing the Data Item Description (DID) Number: DI-MGMT-81861B.
The IPMDAR is to be used for solicitations and RFPs for contracts with an EV reporting Requirement starting from March 12, 2020 forward. The IPMDAR can also be applied to modified contracts or to existing contracts (under the old IPMR or CPR requirements), but this has to be through a bi-lateral agreement (Government Program Office and Contractor).

Significant Change

This IPMDAR is a significant change from the previous iterations, the Integrated Program Management Report (IPMR) and the old Contract Performance Report (CPR). The IPMDAR has dispensed with the delivery of physical reports (Formats 1 – 7 of the old IPMR/ CPR), instead now requiring contractors to provide three (3) specific electronic data sets:

  • The Contract Performance Dataset (CPD)
  • The Schedule, comprised of
    • The Native Schedule File and
    •  The Schedule Performance Dataset (SPD)
  • The Performance Narrative Report, comprised of
    • The Executive Summary and
    • The Detailed Analysis Report

The DID states: “The IPMDAR’s primary purpose to the Government is to reflect current contract performance status and the forecast of future contract performance.”

Integrated Program Management Data Analysis Report (IPMDAR) Implementation & Tailoring Guide

Implementation & Tailoring Guide

To help expedite the adoption of the New IPMDAR, on May 21, 2020, the AAP office also issued the 87-page Integrated Program Management Data Analysis Report (IPMDAR) Implementation & Tailoring Guide:
“This guide covers the application of the DID, how to tailor the DID in the Contract Data Requirements List (CDRL), and clarification on the intent of the DID.”

Interesting Features

The IPMDAR has introduced some interesting features that are clarified in the Guide:

  • The default reporting is at the Control Account, but there is the option to have Work Package Level reporting (negotiated item)
  • Reporting is by Hours and Elements of Cost (EOCs) (for either the CA or WP level)
  • Time-phased Future Baseline (BCWS) and ETC Forecast (for either CA or WP level)
  • Best Case/Worst Case/Most Likely EACs reported by hours and dollars
  • The Native Schedule is a direct export from the contractor’s scheduling tool
  • The SPD must match the CA or WP level negotiated
  • The Government may have any subcontractors provide the IPMDAR directly to the Government
    • Even if this is required, the subcontractors must still provide the IPMDAR data to their prime contractor
  • The IPMDAR reporting components must be delivered to EVM-CR not later than 16 business days after a contractor’s accounting period
    • Incremental deliveries may be authorized, but all the items must be in NLT the 16th business day and the incremental deliveries are negotiated. A potential example is IMS by third working day after close-of-month, the raw data by fifth working day, and format 5 narrative by the sixteenth working day.
  • Historical Contract Performance Data – The Government may request this “time-phased historical data from contract award” in place of the normally provided CPD (typically no more than annually).

Applicability

IPMDAR Applicability:

  • IPMDAR is intended to be applied completely (i.e., not tailored) for cost or incentive contracts ≥ $20M – unless tailoring is specified within the DID and coordinated with the Service/ Agency EVM Focal Point.
  • If EVM reporting is required on contracts less than $20M, tailoring is more flexible, BUT the Native Schedule and Performance Narrative Report are recommended.
  • IPMDAR typically not required on FFP.

Humphreys & Associates, Inc. can help you properly implement the new IPMDAR requirements, please contact us at (714) 685-1730

New IPMDAR DID and Implementation Guide Read Post »

Video – Earned Value: Fun with Numbers or Real Management Data?

Do you know basic Earned Value Management terms and how they relate to an EVMS graph? Before watching this video take the quiz and see if you can identify all of the parts of the EVM graph example.

If you are not sure about a specific term, use the links below to skip to that term’s definition.

0:41 – Management Reserve
2:33 – Schedule Variance
3:13 – Budget At Completion
3:27 – Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled
3:50 – Variance At Completion
4:42 – Estimate At Completion
5:36 – Actual Cost of Work Performed
5:55 – Estimate to Complete
6:08 – Cost Variance
6:27 – Program Overrun
6:40 – Time Now
6:48 – Budgeted Cost for Work Performed
7:05 – Forecasted Program Schedule Slip
7:23 – Estimated Completion Date
7:28 – Planned Completion Date

Read the blog post at: 

Video – Earned Value: Fun with Numbers or Real Management Data? Read Post »

Earned Value Consulting – Common Problems Found in EVMS and Recommended Corrective Actions

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Humphreys & Associates (H&A) has the opportunity to work with many kinds of clients who operate EVM Systems for all kinds of customers. We are regularly called on to help them our clients review and improve their EVMS.

H&A has identified several recurring EVMS issues and also the most common ways to prevent or correct these issues.

Earned Value Consulting – Common Problems Found in EVMS and Recommended Corrective Actions Read Post »

Who Owns Subcontractor Management Reserve (MR)?

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Who Owns Subcontractor Management Reserve?

Subcontractor, Prime Contractor… Customer?

There has long been discussion regarding who “owns” a subcontractor’s Management Reserve (MR).  Some believe that since the entire contract value was awarded by the prime contractor to the subcontractor, the MR belongs to the prime.  Unfortunately, they might have been influenced by some of their customers who believe a prime contractor’s MR belongs to the customer – even to an extreme in which the customers interject themselves in the prime contractor’s decision process in using their MR. So contractors might figure that if the customer is doing that to them, they should do the same to their subcontractors.

DCMA Cross Reference Checklist

They may try to justify this by pointing out that in the DCMA Cross Reference Checklist (CRC dated 22 March 2019) Guideline # 14 Sub-question b asks:  

“Is major subcontractor Management Reserve (MR) incorporated and traceable to the prime contractor’s EVMS?”

While this might sound to some as though it justifies the argument that the MR belongs to the prime, it really doesn’t.  The actual guideline 14 question is simply asking if the contractor implementing EVMS (in this case the subcontractor) simply does or does not Identify management reserves and undistributed budget.”  Since the subcontractor is implementing their management system on their contract with the prime, the only requirement is that the subcontractor identifies a Management Reserve (MR) amount (which could be zero, by the way). If they do, then (strangely) subquestion b puts the onus on the prime contractor to reflect the subcontractor’s MR in their EVM system [i.e., strange because how would a subcontractor demonstrate to a review team that their MR is being reflected in the prime’s EVM System?]. This question would be more appropriate if the subcontractor was also the prime to a lower-tier subcontractor.

Reporting vs. Ownership

The above only addresses the reporting of a subcontractor’s MR, but what does the government documentation actually say about the “ownership” of the subcontractor’s MR?

Note: A point to remember in this entire discussion is that the Guidelines, the EVMIG, the Cross Reference Checklist (CRC), and the EVMSIG were written to apply to any contractor required to implement EVMS on a contract – whether they be a prime contractor to a government customer or a subcontractor to a prime contractor (their “customer”).

EVMSIG Chapter 3 Introduction

The EVMSIG Chapter 3 Introduction (pg. 17) says this about MR:

An allowance is made for a portion of the CBB to be withheld outside of the PMB as Management Reserve (MR) for internal management control purposes. MR is intended to provide the contractor with a budget to manage risk within the established contract scope (Guideline 14).”

As this introductory paragraph points out, MR is established by the contractor (or the subcontractor) for their internal management control purposes to have budget to manage risk within the contract scope. There is no mention of customer involvement in the decision-making process.

Para 3.9 (Guideline 14), Intent of Guideline

A more definitive statement in the EVMSIG is: “Para 3.9 (Guideline 14), Intent of Guideline” in the second paragraph – bullets and underlines have been added for emphasis:

  • “MR belongs to the contractor Program Manager, not the Government,…” [ergo, NOT the prime in a prime/ sub relationship]
  • [It] “provides the contractor with a budget for unplanned activities within the current program scope. MR enables program management to respond to future unforeseen events within the work scope of the program by distributing budget to mitigate program risks.”
  • “To establish MR, the contractor’s program management sets aside budget based on the program’s risk management process and assessment.”
  • [MR] “is not a source of funding for additional work scope or the elimination of performance variances.”
  • “MR is not a contingency fund and may neither be eliminated from contract prices by the customer during subsequent negotiations nor used to absorb the cost of contract changes.” And finally,
  • “MR belonging to a major subcontractor must be incorporated into the prime contractor’s EVMS with traceability to the subcontractor’s reported MR.”

Subcontractor Reports

This last bullet specifically points out that the MR belongs to the subcontractor, and that it must be reflected in the prime’s EVMS as reported by the subcontractor.  Some choose to include a subcontractor’s MR in their own MR value; having it there, however, increases the risk of having the prime think they have more MR to use when, in fact, they do not.  The subcontractor’s MR is not the prime’s to use, so the prime would need a very good mechanism in place to keep the two MR amounts separated.  This needed segregation becomes more complicated if the prime has more than one subcontractor.  Regardless of where the contractor places the subcontractor MR, EVMS requires it to be traceable to the MR value the subcontractor reports.

A Contractor’s Control Mechanism

Management Reserve (MR) is something that is allowed to provide a contractor with flexibility in handling the unknowns on a contract.  It doesn’t matter if it is a prime contractor to a government customer or a lower-tier subcontractor to a higher level (or prime) contractor.  MR is a contractor’s control mechanism and should not be subjected to any level of customer involvement.  The guidelines and implementation/ interpretation documentation try to control improper uses of MR (e.g., covering performance variances, performing out of scope work, etc.), but customers – at all levels – should not interject themselves in a contractor’s decision-making process on the use of MR. Remember also, if customers involve themselves in that process, there is a risk that their perceived “direction” to the contractor could make them complicit in poor MR decisions.

Who Owns Subcontractor Management Reserve (MR)? Read Post »

Video Series – Common Problems Found in EVMS and Recommended Corrective Actions – 5 of 5

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When is it appropriate to use the simple PERT method to calculate the BCWP?   Can Management Reserve be negative? How do I choose a Control Account Manager?  Our final video in this series looks into questions like these. 

This is video 5 of 5  for the blog series “Common Problems Found in EVMS and Recommended Corrective Actions”.

The following links will let you skip to the specific part of the video related to the issues we are discussing.  (each link opens in a new tab)

Common Issues reviewed in this video:

0:22 – Inappropriate use of PERT and LOE

3:55 – Misuse of Management Reserve

6:48 – Administrative Control Account Managers (CAMs) Selection

You can also read the blog post here:

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